Mechanism of enzyme action

The mechanism of enzyme action refers to the way in which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. Enzymes are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions by providing a specific location for the reactants, known as substrate molecules, to come together and interact.

The process by which enzymes catalyze reactions can be described using the "lock and key" model. In this model, the enzyme is like a lock and the substrate is like a key. The enzyme has a specific shape and structure that fits the substrate molecule like a lock fits a key. This specific fit between the enzyme and substrate allows the substrate to bind to the enzyme at a site called the active site.

Once the substrate molecule is bound to the enzyme at the active site, a chemical reaction can occur. The enzyme helps to bring the substrate molecules into the correct orientation and position to interact with each other. The enzyme may also stabilize the intermediate products of the reaction, which helps to speed up the overall process.

In some cases, enzymes may also use cofactors, which are non-protein molecules that assist in the reaction. For example, certain enzymes require metal ions, such as zinc or iron, to function properly.

Overall, the mechanism of enzyme action involves the specific binding of the substrate molecule to the enzyme at the active site, followed by the facilitation of the chemical reaction through the stabilization of intermediate products and the use of cofactors, if necessary.