Which civilization lived on earth before humans?

There have been a number of civilizations that have existed on earth before humans. It is difficult to say which one was the first, as the definition of "civilization" can vary and the history of the earth is very long. Some of the earliest known civilizations include the Sumerian Civilization, which developed in Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE, and the Indus Valley Civilization, which developed in what is now Pakistan and northwest India around 2500 BCE. Both of these civilizations were known for their advances in agriculture, architecture, and government.

Sumerian Civilization :

The Sumerian civilization is one of the oldest known civilizations in the world. It arose in the region of Mesopotamia, which is now modern-day Iraq, around 4000 BC. The Sumerians developed a system of writing called cuneiform, as well as advances in agriculture, architecture, and government. They are also credited with the development of the wheel.

The Sumerians built city-states, with each city-state ruled by a king or a priestly governor. They had a complex system of government, with a clear social hierarchy and a strong central authority. The Sumerians believed in a pantheon of gods and goddesses, and they built elaborate temples to honour them.

The Sumerian civilization made significant contributions to the fields of art and literature. They produced a rich body of literature, including myths, hymns, and epic tales. The Sumerians are also known for their art, which includes sculptures, jewellery, and ceramics.

The Sumerian civilization was eventually conquered by the Akkadians, but its cultural and technological innovations continued to influence the region for centuries. Today, the Sumerians are remembered as one of the most important and influential civilizations in the ancient world.

Indus Valley Civilization :

The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, from about 2500 BC to 1900 BC. It was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, and at its height, it may have had a population of over five million.

The Indus Valley Civilization is known for its well-planned cities, which had advanced drainage systems and were laid out on a grid pattern. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization were skilled farmers and traders, and they developed a system of standardised weights and measures. They also had a system of writing, but it has not yet been deciphered.

The Indus Valley Civilization is thought to have been a peaceful and prosperous society, with no evidence of fortifications or large-scale conflict. However, it is not known for certain what caused the civilization to decline and ultimately collapse. Some theories suggest that it may have been due to changes in the climate, natural disasters, or invasions by outsiders.